https://www.ndwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=CorK&feedformat=atomNDWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T15:09:55ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.38.2https://www.ndwiki.org/index.php?title=NORDIC&diff=6339NORDIC2020-11-22T11:37:42Z<p>CorK: Added photo and illustration layout images for the NORDIC system.</p>
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<div>NORDIC (the Nord Integrated Computer System) was a multicomputer installation at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Oslo, Norway. Development of the system started in 1971, and was completed in February 1972. The complete system consisted of three [[NORD-1]] machines, connected to a [[NORD-5]] compute module.<ref name="NORDIC">[[ND-NYTT]] No 5, September 1972, article "NORDIC - The Multicomputer Installation at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute".</ref><br />
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<gallery><br />
NORDIC-system-photo.jpg|Photo (likely marketing copy) of NORDIC system.<br />
NORDIC-system-plan.jpg|Labled layout illustration of NORDIC system. <br />
</gallery><br />
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== Hardware ==<br />
=== Telecommunications processor ===<br />
One of the NORD-1 machines works as a telecommunications processor. It has 16K 16-bit core memory, a 256K drum as storage, and is connected to the national teleprinter net and international lines (via modem). <br />
=== Job processors ===<br />
The two other NORD-1 machines are the job processors. They share a common 64K memory pool (core memory), and have common peripheral equipment that can be connected by a multi-selector switch to any of the two NORD-1 machines. Peripherals consists of<br />
* two NCR Dual Disc units with capacity of 8 million 16 bit word, average access time 45 ms<br />
* one Vermont drum, capacity 256K 16 bit words, access time 10 ms average<br />
* three Magtape units, 9 track IBM compatible<br />
* Card Reader, 300 cards per minute<br />
* Line Printer, 1500 lines per minute<br />
* Paper Tape Reader 333 characters per second<br />
* Paper Tape Reader 2000 characters per second<br />
* Paper Tape Punch 60 characters per second<br />
* One Matrix plotter<br />
The multi-selector switch can be operated manually, or program controlled.<ref name="NORDIC"></ref><br />
== System software ==<br />
The operating system for the NORDIC consists of the Real-time operating system [[SINTRAN II]] and a file oriented batch operating system [[NORD-OPS]].<ref name="NORDIC"></ref><br />
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== Sources ==<br />
<references/><br />
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[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]</div>CorKhttps://www.ndwiki.org/index.php?title=File:NORDIC-system-plan.jpg&diff=6338File:NORDIC-system-plan.jpg2020-11-22T08:49:40Z<p>CorK: Plan/layout illustration of the NORDIC system that was supplied to the Norwegian Meterological Institute in 1972. Copied out of Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)</p>
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<div>== Summary ==<br />
Plan/layout illustration of the NORDIC system that was supplied to the Norwegian Meterological Institute in 1972. Copied out of Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{Unknown-license}}</div>CorKhttps://www.ndwiki.org/index.php?title=File:NORDIC-system-photo.jpg&diff=6337File:NORDIC-system-photo.jpg2020-11-22T08:48:59Z<p>CorK: Marketing photo of the NORDIC system that was supplied to the Norwegian Meterological Institute in 1972. Copied out of Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)</p>
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<div>== Summary ==<br />
Marketing photo of the NORDIC system that was supplied to the Norwegian Meterological Institute in 1972. Copied out of Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{Unknown-license}}</div>CorKhttps://www.ndwiki.org/index.php?title=NORD-5&diff=6336NORD-52020-11-22T07:36:36Z<p>CorK: sourced date of delivery of NORD 5 to the Norwegian Meteorological Institute</p>
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<div>'''NORD-5''' was one of the world's earliest 32-bit minicomputers- beating the VAX by 6 years. The development started in [[1970]] and a machine was delivered to the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in March 1972.<ref>[Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. p.75. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)]</ref><br />
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At least one system is preserved in the storage of the Norwegian Telecommunication Museum.<br />
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NORD-5 is a special-pupose high speed compute module designed to be attached to a general purpose NORD computer system, or to computers from other manufacturers, in order to handle heavy compute-bound tasks. The idea behind the NORD-5 is that tasks which require large amount of computations are sent out from the main system for processing while the main computer continues with other tasks. The operating system is contained in the [[NORD-1]] computer.<ref name="NORDIC">[[ND-NYTT]] No 5, September 1972, article "NORDIC - The Multicomputer Installation at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute".</ref><br />
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NORD-5 compute module<br />
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The NORD-5 was first delivered in 1972 and is a general purpose 32 bit high speed compute module designed to be attached to a general NORD computer system or to computers from other manufacturers. The NORD-5 can perform a 64 bit floating point multiplication, for example, in 900 nanoseconds and is thus very suitable for such compute bound tasks as are found in meteorology and nuclear research.<ref>[http://sintran.com/sintran/library/libsw/NORD-10-Design-Goals.pdf Norsk Data library, Software Nord-10 Design Goals (TSS-02)]</ref><br />
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NORD-5 has its own core and executes one program at a time. Assembly and compilation are done by the main system which produces object code for NORD-5. An installation with many heavy compute-bound tasks can be equipped with several NORD-5's that may share a common core pool, where all processors can address all core. A standard NORD-5 is equipped with a shift matrix and floating point unit with a speed of 950 ns for floating point add and subtract, and also 950 ns for all kinds of shifts and bit manipulations (regardless of shift count). Floating point multiply and divide require 4 microseconds for 64 bit numbers. Optionally, a high speed multiply unit may be installed, giving a speed of 950 ns for floating point multiply (64 bits). Other special-purpose arithmetic units may be included in the NORD-5. The arithmetic units in the NORD-5 are asynchronously connected to the NORD-5 CPU, allowing a range of performances. To achieve the high computational speed, the floating and shift module and the high speed multiply module are built as a logical array and in the multiply and divide modules Schottky TTL circuits are used.<ref name="NORDIC"></ref><br />
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==Sources==<br />
<references /><br />
* [http://toresbe.at.ifi.uio.no/nd/history.html http://toresbe.at.ifi.uio.no/nd/history.html]<br />
* [http://www.nodaf.no/index.php/The_History_of_Norsk_Data http://www.nodaf.no/index.php/The_History_of_Norsk_Data]<br />
* [http://folk.uio.no/toresbe/nd/telemuseet/ http://folk.uio.no/toresbe/nd/telemuseet/]<br />
* [Eventyret Norsk Data - En bit av fremtiden. p.75. (Per Øyvind Heradstveit) J.M. Stenersens Forlag A/S, 1985 (ISBN 82-7201-040-2)]<br />
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[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]</div>CorK